Société Anonyme (S.

A.). A société anonyme (S.A.) is a French term for a company with limited liability. The term is used in many jurisdictions, including France, Luxembourg, Belgium, Switzerland, Spain, and Quebec. A société anonyme is typically a large company, with a board of directors and shareholders. The shareholders elect the board of directors, who in turn … Read more

Endowment Loan.

An endowment loan is a type of mortgage in which the borrower uses the equity in their home as collateral for a loan. The loan is typically used for home improvements, medical expenses, or to consolidate debt. The interest rate on an endowment loan is usually lower than the interest rate on a conventional mortgage. … Read more

Agency Cost of Debt.

Agency costs of debt are the costs associated with the conflict of interest between stockholders and bondholders. The conflict arises because stockholders can benefit from taking risks that may not be in the best interests of bondholders. For example, stockholders may want the company to invest in risky projects in order to increase the value … Read more