History of Dog Treats
James Spratt’s Invention of Dog Biscuits
In the 1850s, James Spratt created the first dog biscuit made from wheat, beetroot, vegetables, and beef blood after observing dogs eating hard biscuits at the London docks. The biscuits became popular among English gentlemen who fed them to their sporting dogs.
When Spratt returned to the US, he brought his invention, and the biscuits were initially used as an additional treat or supplement, not a complete diet. This changed with the release of "Ken-L Ration" canned dog food in 1922, which relied on new preservation techniques.
Evolution of Dog Treats
Variety and Ingredients
As dogs became domesticated, special treats were made for them. Spratt’s biscuit was well-received globally, leading to a surge in treat variety as dog ownership increased. By the mid-1900s, mass-produced dog treats containing meat, poultry, fish, fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy were widely available. However, ingredients like chocolate, grapes, and onions were identified as toxic to dogs.
Modern Dog Biscuits
Spratt’s Legacy and Competitors
James Spratt was the pioneer of modern dog biscuits, although competitors like F.H. Bennett quickly emerged with products like Milk Bones. Bennett’s company was later acquired by Nabisco. Today, dog biscuits are known as hard, dry snacks that help clean teeth but are not a complete diet; they are meant to supplement a dog’s meals.